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The Paycheck Fairness Act is proposed legislation that would add procedural protections to the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Fair Labor Standards Act as part of an effort to address male–female income disparity in the United States. A Census Bureau report published in 2008 stated that women's median annual earnings were 77.5% of men's earnings,〔U.S. Census Bureau. (''Income, Earnings, and Poverty Data From the 2007 American Community Survey.'' ) August 2008, p. 14.〕 newer studies suggest, when the data is controlled for certain variables, the residual gap is around 7%, the same study concludes that the residual is because "hours of work in many occupations are worth more when given at particular moments and when the hours are more continuous. That is, in many occupations earnings have a nonlinear relationship with respect to hours." ==Background== Proponents of the Paycheck Fairness Act consider it an extension of the laws established by the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which makes it illegal for employers to pay unequal wages to men and women who perform substantially equal work. In order to find an employer in violation of the Equal Pay Act, a plaintiff must prove that "(1) the employer pays different wages to employees of the opposite sex; (2) the employees perform equal work on jobs requiring equal skill, effort, and responsibility; and (3) the jobs are performed under similar working conditions."() Even if the individual makes each of these showings, the defendant employer may avoid liability by proving that the wage disparity is justified by one of four affirmative defenses—that is, that the employer has set the challenged wages pursuant to "(1) a seniority system; (2) a merit system; (3) a system which measures earnings by quantity or quality of production; or (4) a differential based on any other factor other than sex."〔29 U.S.C. § 206(d)(1) (2006)〕 Fifty years after the law's passage, a median wage gap still exists between men and women. According to ''U.S. News & World Report'', the Paycheck Fairness Act is meant to close this gap by: * "making wages more transparent"; * "requiring that employers prove that wage discrepancies are tied to legitimate business qualifications and not gender"; * and "prohibiting companies from taking retaliatory action against employees who raise concerns about gender-based wage discrimination."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Should the Senate Pass the Paycheck Fairness Act? )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paycheck Fairness Act」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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